The Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on Performance: Challenges, Practices, and Opportunities for Achieving Sustainable Development

This study examines the challenges, practices, and opportunities of human resource management (HRM) in Jordanian educational institutions, with a particular focus on how HRM contributes to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The research aims to analyze the extent to which HRM practices align with labor market needs, support organizational effectiveness, and promote economic, social, and environmental sustainability. The study population comprised HR professionals working in educational institutions across Jordan. A purposive sample of 67 participants including HR managers and employees was selected to provide insights from both a strategic and operational perspective. The study employed a descriptive-analytical methodology, utilizing a mixed-method approach. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires, while qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis, chi-square testing, and factor analysis. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The findings reveal that while performance appraisals and employee training are widely implemented and positively impact employee retention and sustainable economic growth, career development and well-being initiatives receive little attention. A significant mismatch was identified between human resource management practices and labor market requirements, along with a significant gender imbalance in leadership roles. Factor analysis indicated three key dimensions of human resource management: employee development, performance management, and organizational support. Based on these findings, the study recommends increased investment in professional development and training programs, integrating sustainability principles into human resource policies, and making focused efforts to improve gender equality and organizational inclusiveness. These changes are essential for transforming human resource management into a strategic driver of sustainable development in the Jordanian education sector